What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Ribosomes play a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis within the cell, which is essential for various cellular functions and overall organismal health. They serve as the site where messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into polypeptide chains, ultimately leading to the formation of proteins. This synthesis occurs through the assembly of amino acids in the order specified by the mRNA, with transfer RNA (tRNA) delivering the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome.

In every living cell, ribosomes can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they can also contribute to the production of proteins that are either secreted from the cell or integrated into cellular membranes. This essential function of ribosomes in synthesizing proteins underlines their importance in maintaining cell activity, structure, and metabolism.