What knowledge combines a reader's background information with text details to improve comprehension?

The knowledge that combines a reader's background information with text details to enhance comprehension is semantic knowledge. This type of knowledge involves understanding the meanings of words and how these meanings can change based on context, as well as how ideas within the text relate to what a reader already knows.

When readers apply their semantic knowledge, they activate their prior knowledge and experiences, allowing them to make connections with the new information presented in the text. This deepens their understanding and helps them interpret the material more meaningfully.

While orthographic knowledge refers to the understanding of spelling patterns and word recognition, word knowledge encompasses vocabulary and the meanings of individual words. Text structure is more about recognizing organizational patterns in writing, such as cause and effect or problem-solution, which, while useful for comprehension, does not involve the integration of background knowledge with text details in the same way that semantic knowledge does.