Which components are essential in a balanced literacy program?

A balanced literacy program is designed to support students in developing the skills necessary for effective reading and writing. The essential components of such a program typically include reading, writing, and word study, which encompasses phonics and vocabulary development.

Reading is fundamental as it provides students with exposure to different texts and genres, enhancing their comprehension and critical thinking skills. Writing allows students to express themselves and apply their understanding of language and structure. Word study helps ensure that students are building a strong foundation in phonemic awareness and vocabulary, which are critical for successful reading and writing.

The other choices do not adequately address the core components necessary for a comprehensive approach to literacy. While mathematics, physical education, art, and science are indeed important components of a well-rounded education, they do not directly contribute to the foundational literacy skills that a balanced literacy program aims to develop. Thus, the focus on reading, writing, and word study is essential for fostering literacy development in children.