Which of the following is NOT a narrative structure element?

In the study of narrative structures, exposition, climax, and denouement are all essential elements that contribute to the overall framework of a story. The exposition establishes the setting, characters, and initial conflicts, setting the stage for the narrative. The climax represents the turning point of the story, where the tension reaches its peak and the main conflict becomes most intense. The denouement, or resolution, follows the climax and reveals the outcome of the story, tying up loose ends.

In contrast, dialogue is a tool used within these narrative elements to convey characters' thoughts, emotions, and interactions. While dialogue is crucial for character development and advancing the plot, it does not constitute a structural element of the narrative itself. It serves to enhance the narrative's engagement and depth but is not a foundational component that defines the narrative’s structure.